Articles

A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina that may form after obstetric trauma, pelvic irradiation or pelvic surgery. The most common symptom that a patient presents with is continuous leakage of urine from the vagina. Depending on the size and location

Vulvar contact dermatitis is an inflammatory condition caused by irritants or allergens. Symptoms may include chronic itching or burning. Differential diagnosis includes but is not limited to vulvovaginitis such as candidiasis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and vaginal atrophy. Diagnosis

Vulvar lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, oral mucosa, and vulvovaginal area. It can cause pain, soreness, itching, discharge, and lead to scarring. It is more common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, and patients with autoimmune disorders. The exact cause

Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic dermatologic condition that can cause pruritus and pain of the anogenital skin, and leads to scarring. It can sometimes be asymptomatic. It is more common in prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women. The exact cause is unknown, but may include a combination of autoimmune

Vulvar lichen simplex chronicus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vulva characterized by intense itching and scratching. It is both a primary cause of vulvar pruritus and a secondary complication of any vulvar pruritic condition. Factors that can cause the initial pruritus include heat, excessive

Vulvar skin disorders are inflammatory conditions that can cause pruritus, pain, and sexual dysfunction. The most common vulvar skin conditions are contact dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and lichen planus. The differential diagnosis may also include vulvovaginitis such as candidiasis,

Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva lasting more than 3 months without any finding of visible lesion or neurologic issue. It may be localized or generalized and may be brought on by touch or happen spontaneously. It is very common in young women with a second peak in menopausal women. Disclaimer: The

OVERVIEW Used to make your body's connective tissue, collagen makes up one-third of all the protein present in your body. Its strong fibers are used to connect ligaments, muscles, bones, and of course, your skin. Collagen is responsible for keeping your skin supple, resilient, and youthful. As you age,